<p>Downtown Salem Historic District is a national historic district located at Salem, Virginia. The district encompasses 34 contributing buildings and 1 contributing site in downtown Salem. The district includes primarily mixed-use commercial buildings, but also includes churches, dwellings, a courthouse, a post office, a library, a park, and the covered stalls of a farmer&#39;s market. The buildings mostly date from the late-19th and early-20th century and are in a variety of popular architectural styles including Greek Revival, Italianate, and Queen Anne. Notable buildings include the Stevens House or "Old Post House" , Kizer-Webber Building , Duval-Oakey House , Salem High School , Old Salem Municipal Building and Fire Department , Quality Bakery Building , Olde Newberry Building , Salem Theater , and James J. True Building . Located in the district are the separately listed Old Roanoke County Courthouse, Salem Presbyterian Church, and Salem Post Office.</p><br>
<p>The church was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<p>Donnafugata Castle  is located 15 km away from Ragusa in Sicily, Italy.</p><br>
<p>Although the origins of this place could be traced back to the fourteenth-century most of its current Neo-Classical and Neo-Gothic appearance belongs to the 19th century.</p><br>
<h2>Name origin</h2><br>
<p>There are many local stories that try to explain the origin of the name Donnafugata, which translates from Italian roughly as "fugitive woman" or "woman who fled". Following what the name suggests, one legend claims that Queen Blanche of Navarre, widow of King Martin I of Aragon, was in hiding from Count, who wanted to marry her and assume leadership over Sicily. She hid in Donnafugata Castle until it was taken under siege by Cabrera, during which Giovanni Moncada helped her flee and hide again in the Steri Palace in Palermo. While this story may be true, it is not from whence the castle&#39;s name originates.</p><br>
<p>Its more likely that the name is the result of a linguistic corruption of the Arabic toponym عين الصحة (Ayn al-Ṣiḥḥat, i.e. Source of Health). In Sicilian it turns into Ronnafuata, hence the current name.</p><br>
<h2>Surrounding area</h2><br>
<h3>Botanical gardens</h3><br>
<h3>Agriculture</h3><br>
<h3>Tourism</h3><br>
<h2>Modern era</h2><br>
<p>The stone labyrinth was used for the film Tale of Tales.</p><br>
<p>The Village of Davis Junction Town Hall is a historic building in Davis Junction, Illinois, United States. It is associated with the administration of Scott Township and is the only municipal building left from the early history of Davis Junction.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Davis Junction, Illinois was founded by Jeremiah Davis in the 1850s. Davis made his fortune in the California Gold Rush and purchased over 1,000 acre in Scott Township, Ogle County. Davis submitted a plat in 1875, officially establishing the town. He allowed the Chicago & Iowa Railroad and the Pacific Railroad to lay track through the town. The railroads spurred development, and by 1878, it had a population around 200.</p><br>
<p>The town hall building was probably constructed in 1876 as Union Hall in response to the town&#39;s organization. Davis moved a schoolhouse north of town to make room for the hall. The town hall held the town meetings and elections, which previously were held in schoolhouses. As one of the few developments in Scott Township, Davis Junction was home to the township meetings and elections as well until 1880. In the 1890s, management of the building was entrusted to the Modern Woodmen of America, and the building became known as Bushman Camp after the local chapter. A dispute in 1894 made statewide news: a dance club leased the hall, but an anti-dancing group forbid them to hold a dance there. When the dance proceeded anyway, the anti-dance group pumped sulfuric gas into the hall to clear out the youngsters. However, the dancers returned to the hall later that day.</p><br>
<p>A small fire occurred in 1908. Later that year, the town purchased the hall from Davis for $50. The village rehabilitated the hall, restoring its place as a center of civic activity. The Modern Woodmen continued to regularly rent the venue until 1930. In the 1960s, Scott Township voted to move township functions into a newly constructed firehouse. The action was approved, although the town hall was still used for occasional town functions. In 1975, it became home to the Davis Junction Historical Society. The building was sold into private hands in 1993, then sold to the Historical Society in 2006.</p><br>
<p>Camp Mather-Camp Logan is a Civil War campsite located along Illinois Route 13 outside of Shawneetown, Illinois. The campsite was Henry and Mary Eddys farm and summer home; Henry died in 1849, leaving Mary in charge of the farm at the outset of the war. The Union Army began camping on the property in December 1861, when the 56th Illinois Infantry occupied the land; the camp was named Camp Mather for Illinois adjutant general Thomas S. Mather. The camp, part of the Department of the Ohio, was one of two Union campsites near Shawneetown, the other being Camp Katie Yates. The farms summer home became the camp hospital and was used to treat measles patients during an outbreak in the winter of 1861-62 that killed eight soldiers. By the fall of 1862, when the 87th Illinois Infantry occupied the camp, the camp was known as Camp Logan. The soldiers of the 87th Infantry went without pay for several months while awaiting assignment and transport at the camp, and two companies nearly mutinied due to the situation. The 87th Infantry left the camp for Memphis, Tennessee, in March 1863, marking the end of Union occupation of the site.</p><br>
<p>The campsite was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 6, 1998.</p><br>
<p>The American State Bank, also known as the First American National Bank and the Berwyn National Bank, is a historic bank building in Berwyn, Illinois, United States. It was an important part of the economic development of Berwyn and is associated with its Central European heritage. It was built in 1925 and was placed in receivership in 1932.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Berwyn, Illinois was incorporated in 1902 and by 1910, the population exceeded 5,800. By 1930, the population expanded to 47,000. This growth was due to the industrial plants in neighboring Cicero, which brought immigrants from Chicago&#39;s west side to the suburbs. Berwyn became a haven for Czechs, who moved from Chicago after being displaced by Polish populations. The Czechs that came were generally of strong socioeconomic status and were skilled craftsmen. Czech-led building and loan associations financed local development. Joseph Cermak and Albert Novotny purchased a large landholding from Biacor Hindman, spurring further growth. New establishments were needed to provide home mortgages to new settlers.</p><br>
<p>The American State Bank, briefly known as the Twenty-Second Street Bank during its development, was founded by Frank Topinka in October 1925. It was one of five banks operating in Berwyn at the time. More than $5 million was spent on the 20,000 homes, apartments, and stored in Berwyn from 1921 to 1928. The American State Bank financed about $2 million of these loans. Topinka also operated the Oakwyn State Bank in Berwyn and the First State Bank of Fox River Grove. The American State Bank held approximately $1.9 million in assets by 1929.</p><br>
<p>The Wall Street Crash of 1929 devastated the American State Bank. In 1930, the American State Bank merged with the Ridgeland State bank, the Oakwyn, and the First National Bank & Trust in an effort to remain solvent. They conducted operations in this building as the First American National Bank & Trust. The bank was placed in receivership in 1932. Every bank in Berwyn went out of business during the ensuring Great Depression; no banks operated in the town until July 1937. Frank Skala then founded the Berwyn National Bank in the former American State Bank building.</p><br>
<p>On October 5, 2000, the building was recognized by the National Park Service with a listing on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Novorossiysk Sea Port  is one of the largest ports in Russia, located on the Black Sea. The seaport is located on the north-east coast in the ice and is convenient for navigation in Tsemes Bay. The port is navigable all year round. Novorossiysk Bay is available for vessels with a draft up to 19.0 m and the inner port waters - up to 12.5 m. The port is operated by the Novorossiysk Commercial Sea Port. The port is also a major naval base of the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Navy.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Novorossiysk was founded as a port city September 12, 1838 . Already June 30, 1845 "... the Emperor has deigned to command Vysochajshe Open in Novorossiysk on the northeastern shore of the Black Sea port for receiving incoming vessels from abroad Russian and foreign ..."</p><br>
<p>Maritime trade was the main activity in the city. In 1846, 102 Russian and 17 foreign vessels visited Novorossiysk. During this period, the port exported rye, wheat, honey, fish, tobacco and sugar. In 1887 the total turnover of the port was only 7.5 thousand pounds and there were no facilities except for a wooden jetty Society "Russian Standard".</p><br>
<p>To the east of jetties Vladikavkaz railway was marina Oil Industry Company "Russian Standard", served specially for sending oil. It was equipped with a cast-iron pipeline, had a length of 150 m and a width of 8.5 m Since 1894, with the development of the oil industry in the district of Grozny, the export of oil increases. For storage of oil cargo Vladikavkaz Railway Company constructed 23 improved reservoir and 3 pipeline for oil loading on ships.</p><br>
<p>Thus, the Novorossiysk port, built and equipped with the Joint Stock Company Vladikavkaz Railway (today&#39;s Privolzhskaya Railway) at the turn of the 20th century, became a major trading center of the North Caucasus. In the late nineties, a project protection vessels at berths from gales: by port workers were built two breakwater - eastern and western. In subsequent years, the port continued to grow rapidly.</p><br>
<h3>Soviet period</h3><br>
<p>In 1920, after the departure of the last parts of the city Denikin began nationalizing port. In keeping created the Port Authority was given all waterworks owned before by Vladikavkaz railway and other public companies and private owners. The jurisdiction of the Port Authority were maritime agency in Anapa, Gelendzhik, Dzhubga, Arkhipo-Osipovka, mechanical workshops, dock, boathouse, shipyard and all marine facilities and services.</p><br>
<p>In the autumn of 1921 and the entire 1922 through the port were loads of food for the starving Volga. For this work, the port was awarded the Order of Red Banner of Labor.</p><br>
<h4>World War II</h4><br>
<p>During the Great Patriotic War in the port area were fights, which caused significant damage to the material base of the port. September 10, 1943 saw the beginning the assault to liberate the city and the port. On September 16 the city was liberated. Of the 40 berths, one survived, also heavily damaged. The Nazi attack destroyed all the warehouses, cranes and handling equipment. In November 1943, the State Defense Committee decides on the first stage of the restoration of the NCSP . The official start of activities seaport after the devastation caused during the war, is considered 1 October 1944. The port at the time employed 641 people.</p><br>
<h4>Post war period</h4><br>
<p>By 1963, construction was completed of the first wide pier. In the same year, the port handled 162 vessel.</p><br>
<h3>Russian Federation</h3><br>
<p>In the post-Soviet period after the collapse of the USSR in Novorossiysk seaport was a large-scale redistribution of property and as a consequence of the reorganization of the port in market conditions. To ensure the management functions of the state port, navigation safety, environmental safety, supervision of compliance with laws and regulations in the field of merchant shipping in the port of Novorossiysk was created by the Federal State Institution "Administration of Novorossiysk sea port" (before the reorganization 28.03.2005 Order number VR-112-r of the Federal Agency of Maritime and River Transport - State Institution "Novorossiysk Maritime Administration") organized March 23, 1994 Order number 26, the Department of Sea Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation on the basis of Order of the Government of Russia №1299 from 17 December 1993.</p><br>
<p>The Robert and John McKee Peeples Houses were a pair of adjoining houses in Old Shawneetown, Illinois. The Robert Peeples house was built shortly after statehood ; it was the third brick building constructed in Old Shawneetown and became the oldest brick building after the earlier two were demolished. Peeples and his wife were natives of western Pennsylvania, but they had become prominent members of the community before building their brick house; Peeples had been chosen as one of the Gallatin County Commissioners in 1817, and his ownership of a local cotton gin allowed him to purchase luxuries such as ornamental doorknobs for his house. The John McKee Peeples House was constructed in 1846 by John McKee Peeples, Robert&#39;s son; the two houses were attached by a common roof. The houses were designed in the Federal style and featured parapetted chimneys atop the end walls and facades with three and four bays on the older and newer houses respectively.</p><br>
<p>The houses were added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 24, 1983. They are no longer standing at their site of construction.</p><br>
<p>The Allen-White School, also known as Hardeman County Training School, was a Rosenwald school in Whiteville, Tennessee.</p><br>
<p>The school was started in 1905 as Hardeman County Training School, a school for African Americans that held classes in a Masonic lodge building. The school was led by Jessie C. Allen, who is one of the two men that Allen-White School was later named for. Circa 1918–1920, the schools own building was built on donated land with a $4000 bank loan obtained by the schools trustees, matched by a $4000 donation from the Julius Rosenwald Fund.</p><br>
<p>The schools second namesake, J.H. White, became school principal in the 1928-1929 school year. In 1930 the school added a junior high school program and in 1932 it expanded to include the four grades of high school. The schools first high school class graduated in 1933.</p><br>
<p>After it closed as a school, the building was acquired by an organization associated with the El Canaan Missionary Baptist Church.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005. It was destroyed in an arson fire in May 2012. Alumni of the school hoped to rebuild it and contracted with an engineering company to investigate the feasibility of reconstruction.</p><br>
<p>The Illinois Salines, also known as the Saline Springs or Great Salt Springs, is a salt spring site located along the Saline River in Gallatin County, Illinois. The site was a source of salt for Illinois prehistoric settlers and is now an archaeological site with a large quantity of organic remains. After European settlement of Illinois, the salt springs became part of Illinois first major industry and were one of the only places in Illinois where slavery was legal after 1818.</p><br>
<h2>Prehistory</h2><br>
<p>The Illinois Salines were an important source of salt for prehistoric residents of Illinois. The earliest occupation of the site is speculated to have occurred during the Early Woodland Period; the site continued to be occupied through the Mississippian period. The salt excavated from the site was traded to other prehistoric sites in Illinois, as evidenced by the recovery of items from the Saline Springs at the Kincaid Site at the southern tip of Illinois. The Saline Springs are also an important site of prehistoric remains such as shells, bones, and other organic materials. Excavations at the site began in the mid-1800s and have continued through the 20th century. An archaeological project led by Southern Illinois University has studied the site since 1981.</p><br>
<h2>Modern history</h2><br>
<p>The southern Illinois salines were the first major industry in the Illinois Territory following European settlement. The salines, where brine was boiled down into salt, were financially successful, and became the property of the State of Illinois upon its statehood in 1818. The law allowed African slaves to be imported to the site until 1825, when the exemption expired. However, indentured servitude at the springs continued past this point. Salt production continued until 1870, when competition from West Virginia salt mines drove the springs out of business.</p><br>
<p>The site was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 24, 1973.</p><br>
<p>Lake Henry, a lake that borders on the northeast side of Winter Haven, Florida, has a surface area of 848 acre. The southwest corner of the lake is inside the Winter Haven City limits. All of the south side of the lake is bordered by mobile home parks and housing developments. A part of the west side is bordered by a mobile home park, as is part of the north side of the lake. The rest of Lake Henry is bordered by wooded areas. The Polk County Water Atlas says Lake Henry is sometimes known as Lake Drane.</p><br>
<p>Lake Henry has no public access on its shores, although there a canal on the south side that connects it to Lake Hamilton. Since Lake Henry is part of the northern chain of the Winter Haven Chain of Lakes, it may be reached by boat from a number of lakes in the chain. There is no information about the types of fish found in the lake.</p><br>
<p>The Thule-Plummer Buildings are a pair of historic brick buildings at 180 and 184 Main Street just north of the main downtown area of Worcester, Massachusetts. The older of the two buildings is the Plummer Building, a five story brick apartment house built in 1890. It is set back about 50 ft from the street, and is set into a steep hillside on the west side of Main Street. A major addition was added to it in 1931, and it was connected to the Thule building by a three story connector in 1930, although this connection has since been walled off. The Thule Building is a five story brick building constructed in 1905 to a design by local architect George Clemence. It was built for the Thule Hall Music Association to function as a social center for the city&#39;s growing Swedish American community, and consisted of retail space on the ground floor, and three stories of function halls; the fifth floor was taken up by an internal dome over the fourth floor hall. The association was, however, unable to pay its mortgage, and lost the property by foreclosure in 1914. The new owners converted the space to commercial use, and it was occupied by a succession of furniture companies. The same owners purchased the Plummer building, which was converted to commercial use c. 1916.</p><br>
<p>The buildings were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011. The buildings were rehabilitated in 2009, exposing some of the surviving interior decorations. The Thule Building now houses the Worcester Law Library in its upper floors.</p><br>
<p>The Garvin Cavaness House  is a historic house at 404 South Main Street in Monticello, Arkansas. The house was built over a ten year period, 1906-1916, by Garvin Cavaness, descendant of early settlers of Drew County. The 2.5 story building is built of concrete blocks that were custom-molded on site by Cavaness, reputedly using cement he recovered when hired to clean up spilled cement from derailed railroad cars.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The house Cavaness built has significant Classical Revival styling. Its main facade is dominated by a two story portico supported by six concrete Ionic columns and topped by a relatively unadorned pediment. Granite steps lead up to the central bay, where the entry is flanked by sidelights and topped by a fanlight, all composed of bevel-edged leaded glass. The two outer bays of the front facade are set slightly back, and there are stairs descending from the porch down to the grounds at the ends. The building is capped by a hip roof made of tin shingles, whose front elevation is pierced by three gable dormers, the central one slightly larger than those flanking it. Each dormer has a round window above a line of small square windows. The side elevations are three bays, styled similarly to the front, including the portico, which wraps around on both sides. The back of the house has an asymmetrical L shape, where one bay has a two story extension. The porch on this side has been screened, and partially enclosed by later alteration.</p><br>
<p>In the 1920s the house was divided into apartments, and some elements of its interior decoration were lost. The building was acquired by the Drew County Historical Society, which now uses the house and grounds as a museum facility. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on May 23, 1980.</p><br>
<p>The Drew County Courthouse is located at 210 South Main Street in Monticello, Arkansas. The 3.5 story Classical Moderne building was designed by Arkansas architect H. Ray Burks and built in 1932. It is Drew County&#39;s fourth courthouse; the first two were wood frame buildings dating to the 1850s, the third a brick structure built 1870-71. It is an L-shaped building, built of limestone blocks and topped by a flat tar roof. It consists of a central block, five bays wide, and symmetrical flanking wings a single bay in width. The central section has a portico of six Ionic columns, which rise the full three and one half stories, and are topped by a square pediment which reads "Drew County Courthouse" flanked by the date of construction.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<h2>Photo gallery</h2><br>
<p>Drew County Courthouse 002.jpgBell on courthouse grounds</p><br>
<p>Drew County Courthouse 001.jpgWar memorial</p><br>
<p>Drew County Courthouse 005.jpgMemorial interior</p><br>
<p>The Champ Grubbs House is a historic antebellum dog trot log cabin in rural Drew County, Arkansas. It is located on Ozment Bluff Road , west of Arkansas Highway 172 and southwest of the county seat of Monticello. The single story log structure is estimated to have been built in 1859, and is one of the few such surviving buildings in the county. It was originally built to a typical dog trot plan, although separate shed roof rooms were added to its rear in the 19th century, though these were removed and replaced with a similar addition in the 1980s. The center of the dog trot has been enclosed, and is accessed via a door from the front. The eastern log bay also functions as an entry, while that on the west side has been converted to a window. In much of the interior the log finish has been covered by paneling.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992. It is named for Elisha Champion Grubb, a longtime justice of the peace in the area, although it is probable his father Stephen built the house. It remains in Grubb family hands.</p><br>
<p>The Reef House is a historic house located at 411 S. Poplar St. in Carbondale, Illinois. William A. Reef built the house for his family circa 1892. The Queen Anne-style cottage may have been designed by local carpenter A. M. Etherton, though records of its designer do not exist. The house features fishscale shingle siding on its second floor and clapboard siding on its first; the clapboard siding is adorned with stickwork. A gable on the south side of the house features half-timbering at its top. The house&#39;s front porch features turned posts, a typical Queen Anne feature. The house is one of the only Queen Anne homes in Carbondale which largely retains its original condition.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 14, 1985.</p><br>
<p>Stuart House is a historic home located at Staunton, Virginia. The original portion of the house was built in 1791, and is a story, temple-form brick structure fronted by a two-level pedimented portico supported by four very simple and provincial Tuscan order-like columns. The house measures 35 feet square, and is five bays wide and three bays deep. The house has a large 2 1/2-story brick wing added in 1844. The wing is fronted by a gallery ornamented with lattice-work and supported on brick piers. Also on the property is a gambrel roof frame building, erected sometime after 1783 as Archibald Stuarts residence and law office, and a pyramidal roof smokehouse. According to family tradition, Stuart received plans or suggestions for the houses design from his close friend, Thomas Jefferson. Archibald Stuart died in 1832 and the house was inherited by his son, Alexander Hugh Holmes Stuart .</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972. It is located in the Newtown Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Elkridge Landing was a Patapsco River seaport in Maryland, and is now part of Elkridge, Maryland. The historic Elkridge Furnace Inn site resides within the Patapsco Valley State Park.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>It is in present-day Howard County, Maryland, west of the Patapsco River, south of Route 1 and with the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (B and O Railroad) running through the middle of the historic district. The historic roads are the old Washington Turnpike, now Main Street, Railroad Avenue, Paradise Avenue, Elkridge Heights Road and Furnace Avenue.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>The Elkridge site</h3><br>
<p>Pottery has been found dating back to 1800 B.C.E. and there is evidence of settlement along the Patapsco River until 1500 C.E.</p><br>
<h3>Seaport</h3><br>
<p>In 1690 the town and seaport of Elkridge Landing was settled in the Patapsco Valley of the Colony of Maryland. It was a deep-water port, with a channel about 10 feet deep, that brought ships inland from the Chesapeake Bay. Tobacco casks, or hogsheads, were rolled down Rolling Hill to the port by "long strings of slaves" and boarded ships. Manufactured iron was also shipped out of the port.</p><br>
<p>Native Americans lived north of the Elkridge Landing site in 1692 and rangers were appointed among the settlers to keep watch.</p><br>
<p>Around 1725 a 28 by 16 foot "Rowling House" with clapboard siding was built on the landing to store tobacco rolled in hogsheads to market. In 1727, the state ended the practice of having ship sailors personally retrieve hogsheads of tobacco themselves. Inland tobacco farms were able to increase productivity by rolling their own hogsheads to ports of Baltimore, Annapolis and Elkridge. Six acres around the Rowling house were surveyed by William Cromwell on 7 February 1743. The site was purchased by Caleb and Edward Dorsey and named "Calebs and Edwards Friendship".</p><br>
<p>The banks of the Patapsco River had been unearthed to mind for iron stone, which resulted in the displaced sand and earth being dumped into the river, affecting its navigability. In 1753 a law was enacted to prevent the further filling in of the Patapsco River&#39;s shipping channel at Elkridge Landing and up to Baltimore. Ships were unable to sail to Elkridge Landing after the first half of the 1700s.</p><br>
<p>By 1763, 50 percent of Anne Arundel&#39;s tobacco production was processed at the landing totaling 1,695 hogsheads. Christ Church Guilford would tax the tobacco to pay for the local sheriff and church expenses.</p><br>
<h3>Jansen-Town</h3><br>
<p>On April 12, 1733 an act was passed by the Maryland General Assembly making Elkridge Landing the town of Jansen-Town in what was then the County of Ann-Arundel. At that time 40 lots were created on 30 acres of land purchased near or on the Patapasco River.</p><br>
<h3>Iron manufacturing</h3><br>
<p>Caleb Dorsey, an ironmaster aware of iron ore found in the Patapsco River valley, established Dorsey&#39;s Forge in 1761. It ran on water power from the river and made nails and horseshoes. During the American Revolutionary War he made cannons and bayonets. As of 1787 there were 9 or more slaves that worked his operation.</p><br>
<p>In 1822 the business was purchased by Thomas, James and Benjamin Ellicott from Pennsylvania. It was first named Avalon Iron Works, but then became a nail factory and rolling mill. More than 100 people worked at the complex by the 1850s. The forge, factory and mill were destroyed in a flood in 1868. Two structures that remained are in the Patapsco Valley State Park. By 1880, the town was described as "A sorry village on the Patapsco, which once hoped to be the rival of Baltimore."</p><br>
<h3>Transportation</h3><br>
<p>The town became more prosperous when the Washington Turnpike and the railroad traversed through the town, resulting in new residential and commercial construction. During the American Civil War Union troops were deployed to protect both bridges. In the 1930s when Route 1 skirted the city, many commercial buildings moved alongside the highway.</p><br>
<h3>Historic district</h3><br>
<p>An application was submitted in 2003 to make it a historic district and is now on the Inventory of Historic Properties with the Maryland Historical Trust. There are business and residential properties built between the 1820s and 1920s within the district. It is one of the oldest settlements in Howard County, Maryland. Elkridge Landing is significant for its historic iron and shipping industries, role in development of the railroads in the 19th century, architecture and its archaeological potential.</p><br>
<h3>Present</h3><br>
<p>In 2015, the Howard County Council approved a payment-in-lieu of taxes agreement for Riverwatch, a middle-income townhouse and apartment development built by the KB Companies in coordination with the Howard County Housing and Community Development on Furnace Avenue replacing a series of small historic single family homes in the neighborhood.</p><br>
<h2>Notable people</h2><br>
<p>Andrew Ellicott</p><br>
<p>John Ellicott</p><br>
<p>George Poe</p><br>
<p>Oakdene is a historic home located at Staunton, Virginia. It was built in 1893, and is a large 2 1/2-story, Queen Anne style frame dwelling with an irregular plan. It has a great variety of textures and materials, and features a carved entrance porch, a central turret with a chimney up the middle two sun porches, several tall chimneys with elaborately corbelled caps and decorative brickwork, and a turret with a conical roof. The main roof is of slate and is composed of both hipped and gabled elements. Oakdene was built for Edward Echols, who served as lieutenant governor of Virginia from 1898-1902 and was president of the local National Valley Bank. His father General John Echols died at Oakdene in 1896.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. It is located in the Gospel Hill Historic District.</p><br>
<p>National Valley Bank, also known as United Virginia Bank, is a historic bank building located in Staunton, Virginia. It was built in 1903 and is a one-story, three bay, Beaux Arts-style building constructed of granite, brick and carved limestone. Its design was based on the Roman Arch of Titus. It features semi-engaged, fluted columns of the Corinthian order flanking the central entrance. The interior features a coffered plaster ceiling. General John Echols  founded the bank in 1865 and served as its first president. His son Edward Echols, who built Oakdene, served as the National Valley Bank&#39;s third president from 1905-1915.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. It is located in the Beverley Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The Robert W. Hamilton House is a historic house located at 203 S. 13th St. in Murphysboro, Illinois. The house was built in 1867 for Robert W. Hamilton, a Civil War veteran who served as circuit clerk of Jackson County and postmaster of Carbondale. The house is designed in the Carpenter Gothic style and is one of two remaining Carpenter Gothic residences in Jackson County. The front porch of the house is supported by four posts, which are linked at the top by trefoil arches. A steep dormer with ornamental bargeboards tops the porch. The opposite side of the front facade features a second-floor balcony with a quatrefoil-patterned railing. The gable end atop the balcony also features ornamental bargeboards.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 5, 1982. It is currently occupied by Fager Historic Properties, K. Fager Contracting, And Brews Brothers Taproom Offices.</p><br>
<p>Pocahontas School is a historic school building in Pocahontas, Tennessee, that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The school was built in 1924 and operated for the next four decades as the community&#39;s main elementary school for white students. A new wing was added in 1957. In 1967 Pocahontas School closed as part of a Hardeman County school consolidation. and the building was sold to private owners.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The school is a single-story frame building with a brick veneer. The original portion of the school building has an H-shaped layout. Its design was based on a standardized plan for a four-teacher school that was in widespread use in Tennessee and other parts of the southern United States in the 1920s. It is similar to both the Rosenwald school four-teacher school design of that period and Plan No. 4 in the Tennessee Department of Education&#39;s 1928 Rural School Building Plans. This design provided for four classrooms, an auditorium, and a room designed to serve as both a library and a principal’s office. Pocahontas School was one of several similar four-teacher schools built in Hardeman County in the 1920s; it is believed to the only one that is still standing.</p><br>
<p>The building was heated by coal stoves until 1957, when a coal-fired central furnace and boiler room were installed. In warm weather, the windows and transoms were opened to allow fresh air to circulate. The building has a north-south orientation, which was a prescribed element of the standard design, intended to provide appropriate interior lighting. This expansion in the school and its facilities was not matched by the town of Pocahontas. During the depression and throughout the second world war the management arranged for one of the classrooms to be converted into a kitchen so that students could be fed. The town&#39;s prosperity, which was based on cotton production, declined after 1940.</p><br>
<p>Facilities in the school yard included privies, a playground with swings and a slide, two basketball courts and a baseball field. The 1957 expansion of the building included installation of indoor plumbing, including indoor bathrooms, thus eliminating the need for the privies. A cafeteria also was added in 1957.</p><br>
<p>In 2007, the building was described as "a rare example of an early 20th century rural school building" with its original floor plan and architectural details largely intact. The playground and sports facilities had been removed from the school grounds, but an original metal flagpole still stood at the front of the building.</p><br>
<p>The Madison County Courthouse is a courthouse in Huntsville, Arkansas, the county seat of Madison County, built in 1939 by the Federal Emergency Administration of Public Works . It is a three story masonry structure, its exterior finished in glazed brick with limestone trim. It has restrained Art Deco styling, including pilasters between its central window bays, and blocky limestone archways framing its entrances. It was built in 1939 with funding from the Federal Emergency Administration, and is the city&#39;s finest example of Art Deco architecture. Located within the Huntsville Commercial Historic District, the courthouse is a culturally significant landmark for both its architectural style and historical importance because of its association with the FEA. It was because of this dual significance that the property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Madison County was formed on September 30, 1836 from Washington County, with county government first established in a barn near Huntsville. A log courthouse was built on the public square following the settlement&#39;s official designation as county seat on July 22, 1839. The 900 ft&sup2; single-room building cost $150 ($ today). A new, two-story brick structure was built in 1845 but was burned by Union soldiers in 1863 during the Civil War. The county incurred a $16,000 ($ today) debt building a new structure in 1871. This structure only served seven years before being burned accidentally. In 1881, another brick courthouse was completed, but only lasted nine years before another fire destroyed the building. Madison County relocated to the northwest corner of the square into a native stone building in 1905. The courthouse served until the 1930s when repairs to the roof were deemed sufficiently expensive that it was preferable to build a new building rather than rehabilitate the undersized structure.</p><br>
<p>The FEA of Public Works announced plans to construct a new courthouse at 1 Main Street in 1939. Following voter approval, three houses were purchased and moved in order to build the new structure. The FEA approved a budget of $90,090 ($ today) for the project. Dedicated November 1939, Clyde T. Ellis gave a speech dedicating the building. Future governor Orval Faubus served as circuit clerk in the courthouse shortly after its completion.</p><br>
<p>The Officers Quarters are fifteen residences located in eight historic buildings in the Washington Navy Yard. Each individual residence is labelled with a single letter such as Quarters A or Quarters B. They were built at different times but continue to serve as housing for senior officers of the United States Navy.</p><br>
<h2>Quarters A</h2><br>
<p>This house, also known as Tingey House was built around 1804 and was the home of the Commandant of the Navy Yard. It was named after the first Commandant, Captain Thomas Tingey. It is possible that the 2 story brick building was designed by Lovering and Dyer. Unlike most government buildings, it was not seriously damaged during the 1814 Burning of Washington. In 1977, it became the official home of the Chief of Naval Operations.</p><br>
<h2>Quarters B</h2><br>
<p>The first of the quarters to be built in 1801, this housed the second in command of the Yard. As with Quarters A, it was looted but not damaged during the 1814 Burning of Washington.</p><br>
<h2>Quarters C and D</h2><br>
<p>Built in 1878 on top of the former reservoir, these two residences in a three story brick building housed the Naval Constructor and the Civil Engineer.</p><br>
<h2>Quarters E, F and G</h2><br>
<p>Built around 1837, this building housed the Master of the Yard, the Surgeon, and a Lieutenant. It was smaller than normal for officers of this rank.</p><br>
<h2>Quarters H</h2><br>
<p>Built sometime before 1824, the Gunner quarters were built against the wall separating the Yard from M street. The building was expanded and repaired throughout the late 1800s.</p><br>
<h2>Quarters K, L and M</h2><br>
<p>An octagon building originally built for muster calls, it was modified to house three residences in 1889.</p><br>
<h2>Quarters N, O</h2><br>
<p>Originally a paint shop built in 1865, which also served as a museum, this building was remodeled into two residences in 1891.</p><br>
<h2>Quarters P, Q</h2><br>
<p>Standing next to the Latrobe Gate and the Marine barracks, this building housed the ranking Marine officer in charge of the guard. The building was added to and repaired throughout the late 1800s.</p><br>
<p>Armamalai Cave is known for its Indian cave paintings. It is to the west of Malayampattu village which is 25 km from Ambur in the Vellore district of Tamil Nadu. The cave is in the protected monument by the Archaeological Survey of India and it is a Tamil Nadu tourist attraction.</p><br>
<h2>Information</h2><br>
<p>Armamalai cave is a natural cave which was converted to a Jain temple in 8th century AD. The cave contains 8th century Jain paintings, petroglyphs, rock art and the remains of Jain saints. another ancient Jain cave in Tamil Nadu</p><br>
<p>Archeologists found the rock arts in the cave in the late 1960s. Previous research at the site by Gabriel Jouveau-Dubreuil, who died in 1945, had found antiquities of Pallava dynasty, who ruled at that time. Jouveau-Dubreuil claimed to have discovered this cave from information he had found on the Udayendiram copper plates which had referred to a village given away by the Pallava ruler Nandivarman II that sounded like Kumaramangalam. Further enquiries enabled him to find the cave to the west of Malayampattu. The paintings explain the native stories of Jainism and also had images of Astathik Palakas, also called as protectors of eight corners and they are Agni, Vayu, Kubera, Eesanya, Indra, Yama, Niruthi and Varuna. There are petroglyphs of plants and swans depicted as well. Tamil-Brahmi inscriptions are also seen on the walls of the cave. Most of the paintings and other arts in the cave have been damaged for various reasons.</p><br>
<p>Qillqatani  is an archaeological site in Peru. It is located above the Rio Chila, in the Puno Region, El Collao Province, Santa Rosa District, at a height of about 5 m above the riverbed. Qillqatani is surrounded by dry puna.</p><br>
<p>The site was declared a National Cultural Heritage (Patrimonio Cultural) of Peru. Qillqatani is known for its elaborate rock art panels.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeology</h2><br>
<p>Qillqatani is the first archaeological site in the Lake Titicaca basin to be systematically excavated. Archaeologists have identified 36 cultural strata at the site. From 7500 to 4000 BP, Qillqatani was inhabited by hunter-gatherers as a seasonal campsite. These early occupants hunted mostly camelids, and some deer. From 3660 BP onwards, Qillqatani was inhabited by pastoralist camelid-herders who built houses and began to occupy the site long-term. These later occupants also began to trade with people from lower attitudes to obtain Chenopodium.</p><br>
<p>The Montrose Historic District is a historic district comprising fifteen historically significant buildings in the community of Montrose, Alabama. The district is almost entirely residential, with the exception of the 1890 Montrose Post Office. Montrose is located on the eastern shore of Mobile Bay, and several homes in the district occupy bayfront lots. Nine of the homes in the district were designed in the Creole cottage style, a vernacular architectural style popular in the Gulf Coast states. The Creole cottage homes in the district all feature front facades with five bays and recessed full-length front porches supported by square or chamfered columns. Many of the houses were built as summer homes for residents of Mobile, for whom Montrose was a popular vacation destination.</p><br>
<p>The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 3, 1976.</p><br>
<p>Vyshny Volochyok Waterway  is a waterway connecting the basins of the Baltic and Caspian Seas, or, more specifically, the Msta River and the Tvertsa River, around the town of Vyshny Volochyok of Tver Oblast, Russia. It was constructed in the 1700s and became the first waterway to connect the basins of the two seas. The waterway is still in operation, though it was superseded by the Volga–Baltic Waterway and cannot take big ships. The Vyshny Volochyok Waterway is one of the three canal systems connecting the Neva and the Volga, the other two being the Volga–Baltic Waterway and the Tikhvinskaya water system.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The waterway from Lake Ilmen upstream the Msta and the Tsna Rivers, followed by a portage to the Tvertsa and downstream to the Volga River existed from the medieval times, as is evident from a large amount of archeological sites in the area. The name of Vyshny Volochyok is derived from волок, which means portage. On January 12, 1703 Russian Tsar Peter the Great signed a decree which ordered a canal to be built instead of the portage. Prince Matvey Gagarin was appointed the supervisor of the construction, and Adriaan Houter, a Dutch water engineer from Amsterdam, was hired to perform the construction. The waterway was opened in 1706 and became the first waterway connecting the basins of the Neva and the Volga. The canal, known as the Gagarin Canal, and later as the Tvertsa Canal, was 2,811 m long and 15 m deep. However, the construction project contained a number of mistakes, and as a result the canal decayed and some point the navigation became impossible.</p><br>
<p>In 1719, Mikhail Serdyukov volunteered to perform the reconstruction of the canal, and on June 26, 1719 the canal was transferred under his supervision. Serdyukov built the Vyshny Volochyok Reservoir, which has two outflows, one to Lake Mstino and eventually to the Msta, and another one to the Tvertsa. He also completely reconstructed canals and locks. In 1774, the canal and surrounding areas were bought out by the state from the heirs of Serdyukov.</p><br>
<p>Over the 18th century, a number of dams were constructed on the tributaries of the Msta and the Tvertsa, in order to maintain a high level of water needed for navigation. In 1773 Jacob Sievers, then the governor of Novgorod Governorate, was appointed the supervisor of the waterway. Sievers performed a reconstruction of the system, adding two minor water reservoirs. In 1797, one more reconstruction was carried out.</p><br>
<p>In 1778, the Vyshny Volochyok Waterway was defined as a stretch between Tver and the Ladoga Canal. It was subdivided into three parts: One between Tver and Lake Mstino, one more between Lake Mstino and Novgorod, and the third one between Novgorod and the mouth of the Volkhov River. The headquarters of the system were located in Vyshny Volochyok, which was just granted town status in 1770.</p><br>
<p>Wharf Area Historic District is a national historic district located at Staunton, Virginia. The district encompasses 22 contributing buildings and 4 contributing structures. It is a warehouse and commercial district characterized by rows of late-19th century and early-20th century storefronts and an elongated plaza framed by small warehouses. The buildings are characteristically two- and three-story, brick structures in a variety of popular architectural styles including Greek Revival, Federal, and Queen Anne. Notable buildings and structures include the Railroad Water Tower, American Hotel , John Burns Building , Erskine Building , and Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad Station .</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972, with a boundary increase in 1982.</p><br>
<p>Beverley Historic District is a national historic district located at Staunton, Virginia. The district encompasses 131 contributing buildings in downtown Staunton. It is a compact commercial district characterized by a well-preserved collection of 19th-century buildings. The buildings are characteristically two- to four-story, brick structures in a variety of popular architectural styles including Romanesque Revival and primarily Italianate. Notable buildings include the old YMCA , Hoover House Hotel , Putnam Organ Works Store , City Hall , Odd Fellows Hall , USA Post Office , and the Masonic Temple building . Located in the district are the separately listed National Valley Bank and Augusta County Courthouse.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>Gospel Hill Historic District is a national historic district located at Staunton, Virginia. The district encompasses 180 contributing buildings in a primarily residential section of Staunton. The district is characterized by an abundance of fine homes, ranging in size from cottages to mansions and dating from 1840 to 1930. The buildings include distinguished examples of a century of architectural styles from Greek Revival to Bungalow. Notable buildings include "Kalorama" , "Capote" , Effinger House , and Temple House of Israel . Located in the district are the separately listed Woodrow Wilson Birthplace, Catlett House, Arista Hoge House, J. C. M. Merrillat House, Thomas J. Michie House, Oakdene, and The Oaks.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>Newtown Historic District is a national historic district located at Staunton, Virginia. The district encompasses 414 contributing buildings and 2 contributing sites in a primarily residential section of Staunton. The district includes some late 18th- and early 19th-century structures, but most of the homes were built between 1870 and 1920 during Stauntons boom years. The buildings range from Jeffersonian Neo-Classical and Greek Revival to bungalows of the 1920s. Notable buildings include Stuart Halls Cochran House , Robertson House , the Smith Thompson House , and the George M. Cochran House . The magnificent grounds of Thornrose Cemetery are also included in the district. Located in the district are the separately listed Stuart Hall School, Stuart House, and Trinity Episcopal Church.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>The Hair Conrad Cabin is a historic log cabin in Bradley County, Tennessee, United States, and the oldest residential structure in the county.</p><br>
<p>It is a single-pen cabin that was built in the early 1800s by a Cherokee known by the names Tekahskeh and Hair Conrad. Its construction followed the style of cabins built by white settlers of the era.</p><br>
<p>Hair Conrad, who had a white father and a Cherokee mother, farmed the land near the cabin, growing apples, peaches, and other produce. A leader in the Cherokee community and a "man of means", he was the founder of a school for the education of Cherokee children. He participated in writing the Cherokee Constitution in 1827, and prior to 1836 he was a representative of the Cherokee Nation in Washington, D.C. He was later (in 1838) to lead the first detachment of Cherokees from Rattlesnake Springs on the Trail of Tears and died soon after reaching Oklahoma in 1839.</p><br>
<p>After Hair Conrad&#39;s departure, a succession of white families owned and lived in the cabin. It is now on the property of Blythewood Farms.</p><br>
<p>The cabin was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<p>Stuart Addition Historic District is a national historic district located at Staunton, Virginia. The district encompasses 93 contributing buildings in a primarily residential section of Staunton. The district includes some early 19th-century structures, but most of the homes were built after 1870. The medium-density residential area includes notable examples of the Colonial Revival, Italianate, and Gothic Revival styles. Notable buildings include the Blakely or Templeton House , Steele House , Kivlighan House , Arlington Flats , D. Webster Davis School , St. Francis of Assisi Catholic Church , Augusta Street Methodist Church , Ebenezer Baptist Church , and Mt. Zion Baptist Church . Located in the district is the separately listed C. W. Miller House.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>The Empire School is a school building located at 10017 West Front Street in Empire, Michigan.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first school in Empire was the schooner "The Empire," from which the town derives its name. The schooner was icebound in the Empire harbor during the winter of 1865. In 1867, a permanent school building was constructed on Brotherton Road. A new two-story school was constructed in 1891. This school, however, was destroyed by fire in 1899. As a stopgap, classes were held in the Maccabees Hall until a replacement school could be built.</p><br>
<p>The district decided their new school should be a top-quality, four-room schoolhouse. A gymnasium was added in 1932, using finds available from the Works Progress Administration. An old machinery storage shed was moved to the school property to house shop classes. In 1941, a small school building, the Boynton school, was moved from its original location to the Empire School to provide space for kindergarten classes.</p><br>
<p>However, school enrollment was declining.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Empire School is a 10,000 square foot structure,</p><br>
<p>The Bingham District No. 5 Schoolhouse is a school building located at 7171 South Center Highway in Bingham Township, Leelanau County, Michigan. It is now used as the Bingham Township Hall. It was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1987 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The village of Bingham prospered during the lumber boom of the 1870s and 1880s. The first Bingham school, a log building, was constructed in 1870. This building was constructed in 1877 as a replacement. It was used for first through eighth grade classes through the rest of the 19th century, and as the population of Bingham declined after the timber was depleted in the 1910s. After World War II, area school districts were consolidated and the Bingham school was no longer needed. After use as a school was discontinued, the building was used as a town hall and a community meeting center. It was restored in 1987.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Bingham Schoolhouse #5 is a single story wood frame vernacular structure clad with clapboards. It consists of two connected blocks, each two bays wide by three bays deep, with several projecting gables sheltering entrances. The interior is divided into two rooms.</p><br>
<p>Caulonia or Caulon  was an ancient city of Magna Graecia on the shore of the Ionian Sea. At some point after the destruction of the city by Rome in 200 BC, the inhabitants moved to a location further inland. There they founded Stilida, which developed into the modern town Stilo.</p><br>
<p>Since 1863 AD the name Caulonia has also been used by the city formerly known as Castelvetere. The city changed its name to Caulonia in honor of the ancient city, which was mistakenly believed to have been located in its territory. Today the ruins of the ancient city can be found near Monasterace in the Province of Reggio Calabria, Calabria, Italy. Some of the artefacts which have been excavated at the site can now be seen in the Monasterace Archeological Museum.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The city was located between the mouth of the Stilaro river to the south and the mouth of the Assi river to the north. In ancient times the mouth of the Assi was located slightly further to the south. Punta Stilo, the "Cape of Columns", is a gentle arc-shaped headland located immediately north of the site. In ancient times the shoreline of Caulonia lay 300 meter further seawards. More than one hundred fluted columns which have been discovered on the seabed in front of Caulonia stood then on a broad arc-shaped headland. This headland probably did not have natural or artificial facilities which could provide protected anchorage for ships. The recession of the coastline started around 400 BC and ended in the 1st century AD. It was the result of a tectonic phase which caused landward rise and submergence of the seafloor. The shoreline stabilized in the period from the 1st century AD to the present. The walls of the city enclosed an area of approximately 35 to 45 hectare.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Foundation</h3><br>
<p>There is no literary evidence for the foundation date of Caulonia, but archeological evidence shows that it was founded early in the second half of the seventh century BC. Both Strabo and Pausanias mention that the city was founded by Achaean Greek colonists. Pausanias also gives the name of the oekist, or founder, as Typhon of Aegium. Others sources such as Pseudo-Scymnus claim that it was founded by Croton. A. J. Graham does not consider these two options to be mutually exclusive because the oekist and settlers could have been invited by Croton.</p><br>
<h3>Sixth and fifth centuries BC</h3><br>
<p>It has been thought that Caulonia was ruled by Croton for some time, but A. J. Graham considers this uncertain. The fact that Caulonia minted its own coins in the sixth century BC suggests that it was independent. Also, the claim of Croton over such a long stretch of coast close to its rival Locri would have been risky. According to Thucydides Caulonia supplied Athens with timber for ships during the Peloponnesian War (431–404 BC). The store of timber at Caulonia was attacked and burned by forces from Syracuse.</p><br>
<h3>Conquest by Syracuse</h3><br>
<p>In 389 BC the city was conquered by Dionysius I of Syracuse, who transplanted its citizens to Syracuse and gave them citizenship and an exemption from taxes for five years. He then levelled the city to the ground and gave its territory to his ally Locri. Apparently it was refounded by Dionysius II of Syracuse several decades later. Dionysius II probably gave control over the city to Locri. Archaeological evidence confirms that the city was deserted for some time in the fourth century BC. Later in the same century, it was permanently inhabited again.</p><br>
<h3>Roman conquest and abandonment</h3><br>
<p>This was not the end of misfortune for the city however, for it was razed two more times. It was destroyed during the Pyrrhic War (280–275 BC) and taken by the Campanians, who formed the largest contingent of allies in the army of Rome. In 200 BC the town was completely destroyed by the Romans, when it sided with Hannibal during the Punic Wars. It was probably around this time that the ancient site of Caulonia, directly on the Ionian coast, was abandoned in favor of a more protected site inland. About 200 years later when the city is mentioned by Strabo, it is described by him as "situated before a valley" and deserted.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeology</h2><br>
<p>The first archaeological excavations were conducted between 1911 and 1913 by Paolo Orsi.</p><br>
<p>The excavation area is named "Saggio SAS II" and topologically "San Marco nord-est". It is bordered by the Ionian Sea on the east, the Taranto-Reggio Calabria railway on the west, the Assi river on the north and the "casemate" area on the south.</p><br>
<p>In 1969 a mosaic depicting a dragon was discovered in what is now called the "House of the Dragon". It was first exhibited in the Museo Nazionale della Magna Grecia, but was restored and transferred to the Monasterace Archeological Museum in 2012.</p><br>
<p>In 2012 the archaeologist Francesco Cuteri and his team discovered a mosaic floor of 25 square meters. Dating to late 4th century BC, it is one of the largest mosaics from the Hellenistic period found in Southern Italy. It was discovered in what is thought to have been a thermal bathhouse. The mosaic is divided into nine polychrome squares and another space with a polychrome rosette at the entrance of the room. It depicts a dragon in its center, comparable to the mosaic discovered in 1969.</p><br>
<p>On 8 October 2013 the discovery of a bronze tablet from fifth century BC in the urban sanctuary was announced. The tablet has a dedication of eighteen lines written in the Achaean alphabet, the longest Achaean inscription ever discovered in Magna Graecia.</p><br>
<p>Scarritt College for Christian Workers was a college associated with the United Methodist Church in Nashville, Tennessee, USA.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Scarritt College for Christian Workers was started as the Scarritt Bible and Training School in 1892 in Kansas City, Missouri by Reverend Nathan Scarritt. It was Belle Harris Bennett, a Methodist worker, who fundraised for the Missouri campus. The President was Methodist minister Jesse Lee Cuninggim.</p><br>
<p>By 1924, under President Cuninggim&#39;s leadership, Architect Henry C. Hibbs, who had designed the campus buildings of the George Peabody College for Teachers, designed the campus buildings in the late Gothic Revival architectural style. Construction of the Belle Bennett Memorial, which included Scarritt Hall, Bennett Hall, Wightman Chapel and the Tower, as well as the Susie Gray Dining Hall began in 1925. Built with Crab Orchard stone, it was completed in 1928. The Wightman chapel was named in honor of Maria Davies Wightman, the wife of Bishop William May Wightman.</p><br>
<p>By the 1930s, the college "offered a bachelor&#39;s degree and graduate education in the fields of community and family service, social work, and religious education." From 1940 to the 1960s, the campus was expanded with the construction of six additional buildings. During the Civil Rights era, Martin Luther King, Jr. spoke in Wightman Chapel. In 1973, J. Richard Palmer, formerly of Berea College was brought in as president to increase fundraising and enrollment. However, he resigned in 1977 due to internal politics.</p><br>
<p>The college became known as the Scarritt Graduate School from 1981 to 1988. During that time, it was a graduate school for Church Music and Christian Education. Since it closed down in 1988, it has been known as the Scarritt Bennett Center. It is used for conferences.</p><br>
<h2>Architectural significance</h2><br>
<p>Several of its buildings have been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since August 26, 1982. The historic district is made up of the original campus buildings built before 1940: Administration Building, Memorial Tower, Susie Gray Dining Hall, Bennett Hall, and Wightman Chapel.</p><br>
<p>Muddy Run is a tributary of the West Branch Susquehanna River in Northumberland County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is 5.4 mi in length. The creek is several miles northeast of the community of Milton. Main land uses include agricultural land and forest. The area of the creek&#39;s watershed is 11.4 square miles, most of which is agricultural land. Muddy Run is entirely within Turbot Township. Most of the rock in the watershed is shale. The most common soil series is the Berks-Weikert-Bedington series.</p><br>
<h2>Course</h2><br>
<p>Muddy Run begins in a valley in eastern Turbot Township, near the Paradise Church. The creek heads westward before turning south and then southwest. It crosses under Interstate 80 and turns due west again. After some distance, the creek crosses under Pennsylvania Route 147 and turns northwest past a country club. North of the country club, it turns abruptly north and then west again, crossing under Pennsylvania Route 405 and entering the West Branch Susquehanna River.</p><br>
<h3>Tributaries</h3><br>
<p>Muddy Run&#39;s main tributaries are unnamed.</p><br>
<h2>Hydrology</h2><br>
<p>The Hoeganaes Corporation, in the northwestern part of the watershed, is the only entity permitted to discharge sediment in the Muddy Run watershed. There is a total daily load of 10,453.416 lb of sediment. 8,233.3699 lb comes from cropland, 1,565.5804 lb comes from the banks of streams, and 544.8767 lb comes from land used for hay or pastures. A total of 99.5616 lb comes from developed land, 9.9726 lb comes from forests, and 0.0548 lb comes from wetlands.</p><br>
<p>The average annual amount of precipitation between the early 1990s and the early 2010s was 37.7 in. The average amount of annual runoff during the same time period was 0.14 in.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>In the Muddy Run watershed, 90% of the rock is shale from the Bloomsburg/Mifflinburg Formation Undivided and the Wills Creek Formation. The remaining 10% is composed of siltstone and limestone from the Keyser/Tonoloway Formation Undivided. Most of the western part of the watershed is on the Bloomsburg/Mifflinburg Formation Undivided, with the exception of a band in the central-western part of the watershed, which is on the Wills Creek Formation. The Keyser/Tonoloway Formation Undivided occurs in an area in the northeastern part of the watershed. The rest of the watershed is on the Wills Creek Formation.</p><br>
<p>The main soil series in the Muddy Run watershed is the Berks-Weikert-Bedington, which is a silt-loam with shale. Other soil types in the watershed include the Chenango-Pope-Holly series, the Hagerstown-Edom-Washington series, and the Leck Kill-Meckesville-Calvin series. The Berks-Weikert-Bedington series occurs in the central and northwestern part of the watershed. The Chenango-Pope-Holly series is found in an area in the extreme western area of the watershed. The Hagerstown-Edom-Washington series is found in the eastern section of the watershed. The Leck Kill-Meckesville-Calvin soil series occurs in the southwestern and north-central areas of the watershed.</p><br>
<p>The stream banks of Muddy Run are eroded in some locations. The elevation of the creek at its mouth is 429 ft above sea level.</p><br>
<h2>Watershed</h2><br>
<p>The area of the Muddy Run watershed is approximately 11.4 square miles. 75% of the watershed is devoted to agriculture 15% is forested, and 10% is developed. In specific, 3402.6 acres of the watershed are for growing crops, 2083.1 acres are for hay or pastures, 1045.3 acres are forest, and 630.1 acres are considered "low-intensity development" by the Environmental Protection Agency. 93.9 acres are turf, 37.1 acres are considered "transition" by the Environmental Protection Agency, and 17.3 acres are wetland. Much of the forest and developed land is in the western half of the watershed.</p><br>
<p>The main roads in the Muddy Run watershed are Interstate 80, Pennsylvania Route 147 in the western part of the watershed, and a number of township roads throughout the watershed. The watershed occupies part of Milton Township, Turbot Township, Delaware Township in Northumberland County. It also occupies a small area of western Limestone Township, in Montour County.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first mill in Turbot Township was built on Muddy Run by Hawkins Boone some time before 1779. In 1785, Cornelius Waldron and his son Laffert arrived at the mouth of Muddy Run. Laffert Waldron later purchased a tract of farmland on the creek. In 1840, Abraham Straub moved a gristmill to a location on the creek. The Muddy Run school was historically located on Muddy Run.</p><br>
<p>Fort Boone was built at the mouth of Muddy Run.</p><br>
<p>Part of the area Muddy Run flowed through was historically referred to as "Paradise".</p><br>
<h2>Biology</h2><br>
<p>There are no riparian buffers in certain areas along Muddy Run. Livestock such as cattle have unlimited access to the creek in some places.</p><br>
<p>Pukara, Puno  is a town in the Puno Region, Lampa Province, Pucará District, Peru. It is located to the north-west of Lake Titicaca.</p><br>
<p>The ancient archaeological site of Pukara, dated as early as 1,800 BC, is located to the west of the town. The site is very large, spread in the area of approximately 4.2 square kilometers. This was the first large urban center in the region. The site also gave its name to what some archaeologists refer to as a distinct Pukara culture. The site was declared a National Cultural Heritage (Patrimonio Cultural) of Peru by the National Institute of Culture.</p><br>
<h2>Ancient cultural center</h2><br>
<p>This was an important highland administrative and religious center. There was a ceremonial sector and the urban sector or city. The ceremonial sector is composed of 9 pyramids of various shapes and sizes, the most important being the pyramid Kalasaya. This structure is built of large monoliths of finely crafted stone, and includes some sculptures. In front of the pyramid, there is a staircase to the upper temple decorated with stelae. There are also figures of mythological beings of men and animals, such as frogs, snakes, fish, and pumas.</p><br>
<p>There was also a large sunken central court containing carved stone steles.</p><br>
<h2>Pukara culture</h2><br>
<p>This was an influential culture north of Lake Titicaca, centred at Pukara. This culture incorporated earlier communities of the Chiripa period, and ultimately dominated the entire lake region by 200 BC.</p><br>
<p>The Pukara engaged in agriculture, herding and fishing. The population lived in small towns and villages, which was ruled from central location.</p><br>
<p>Pukara ceramics are painted in various colours. They are finely made, and include many non-utilitarian forms, such as human and animal motifs.</p><br>
<p>Pukara pottery and textiles are found widely in the middle Andean, and the coastal Pacific valleys, reaching out into Peru and Chile.</p><br>
<p>The rise of Tiwanaku may have contributed to the weakening of Pukara around 200 AD.</p><br>
<h3>Qaluyu</h3><br>
<p>The site of Qaluyu is 4 km from Pukara, and is the type-site of the Qaluyu culture that preceded the Pukara. Qaluyu is a moderate-sized mound (about 7 ha), and it was discovered by Manuel Chavez Ballon, and was test-excavated in 1955 by Alfred Kidder and Ballon.</p><br>
<p>Qaluyu culture was the dominant early culture of the north Titicaca Basin, and it is dated traditionally to 1400–500 BC. There are Qaluyu occupations under the main temples at Pucara.</p><br>
<p>There are also several Qaluyu period settlements around the towns of Arapa and Taraco, and also in the Huancane-Putina river valley that have been discovered recently. Some of them are about 20ha in size, much bigger than Qaluyu. These areas are located about 40–60 km to the west of Pukara.</p><br>
<p>Near the town of Taraco, recent research uncovered a long Qaluyu and Pucara archaeological sequence. There are also a great number of Qaluyu and Pucara stelae.</p><br>
<p>The Nymore Bridge is a reinforced concrete deck arch bridge spanning the Mississippi River in Bemidji, Minnesota. The bridge, built in 1916, has three arch spans. It is significant for its use of a reinforcing system patented by George M. Cheney during a time when engineers were experimenting with reinforcing materials and systems.</p><br>
<p>The bridge was originally built to carry USA Route 2 (US 2) over the Mississippi River. The main city traffic is now carried by Minnesota State Highway 197 (MN 197), while US 2 now bypasses the city. The reinforcing system designed by George M. Cheney consists of an arched metal truss built of angles and gusset plates, separated into vertical panels, and then connected together. The metal truss was built first, then forms were constructed around it and concrete was poured around it. The steel truss becomes embedded in the concrete. The bridge is decorated with Classical Revival elements. The Classical Revival style was part of the City Beautiful movement popular at the time for civic structures. It connected Bemidji with the village of Nymore, which was later annexed into the city of Bemidji.</p><br>
<p>The bridge is 168 ft long, 31 ft wide, and has a center span of 65 ft with two adjacent spans of 40 ft each. The maximum vertical clearance is 15 ft.</p><br>
<p>The Mrs. Isaac D. Adler House is a property in Libertyville, Illinois, United States designed by architect David Adler for his mother Therese Hyman Adler.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The original house on this lot in Libertyville, Illinois was built in 1914, when the Miller and Austin Subdivision was created. In 1930, Therese Hyman Adler, the widow of clothing wholesaler Isaac D. Adler and mother of architect David Adler, purchased this lot from Oscar D. and Anne F. Stern. The 14+1/2 acre property was adjacent to her sons estate. Mrs. Adler had been living in Chicago since 1925, when her husband died in a car accident. She may have lived in David Adlers apartment at 1240 North State Street. David Adler treated his mother&#39;s property as part of the estate, building a road between the two houses and coordinating a matching landscape.</p><br>
<p>David Adler extensively remodeled the house for his mother starting in January 1931. The original building was probably a Dutch Colonial. To this, Adler added a second porch on the west, adjusted window fenestrations, added a front pediment, and third-story dormers. The interior was left largely intact, although Adler did install a historic French fireplace and replaced the floors & staircase. The finished product was still largely Dutch Colonial, but showed heavy American Colonial influence. The house closely resembled a Sears Catalog Home design. Adler also extensively remodeled the garage/barn structure at the front of the property. He built a three-room apartment on the top floor and added a cupola. The final work on the property was completed in April 1934, when it was landscaped.</p><br>
<p>Mrs. Adler died in 1939 and the house passed to David. When David Adler died in 1949, the house was bequeathed to his sister, Frances Elkins. However, Elkins had a successful interior design practice in California and had little interest in the Illinois property. She let the Village of Libertyville use the property for recreational purposes, but the village struggled to maintain the costly property. The house was sold to William Wittort, who had been renting the property, in 1954. Subsequent owners have made few changes to the house. The road linking the house to her son&#39;s was expanded to Milwaukee Avenue in the 1970s and was opened to the public as Parkview Drive. The 3 acre property was recognized by the National Park Service with a listing on the National Register of Historic Places on August 28, 2002. It was listed as a historic district with four contributing properties: the house, the garage/barn, and two octagonal small buildings (a pump house and a tool shed).</p><br>
<p>Simeon Moore House, also known as Cane Run Farm, is a historic house and farmstead located along Cane Run on Taylorsville Road, near Fisherville, Kentucky. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>The Simeon Moore house was built by widower Simeon Moore (1804-1873) in about 1850. He had purchased 134 acres in far eastern Jefferson County in 1836 and added 77 more acres to his farm in 1850, the year he is believed to have built his home. Simeons wife Jane (Carrithers) Moore died in 1838 at the age of 27, leaving him with at least five children. The Moores son Charles inherited the house at his father&#39;s death and owned it until about 1900 when it was sold out of the family.</p><br>
<p>The house is a 5-bay brick I-House in design with Greek Revival interior detailing which is substantially intact. The original house is unaltered in plan and consists of one room on either side of a central stair hall on each floor. A modern kitchen ell to the rear of the house replaces an earlier kitchen and porch addition. An early 20th century front porch was replaced in recent years. The form of the house is common in the area but the brick is laid in a bond pattern said to be unique in Jefferson County. The penciled mortar joints are similar to those at the Presley Tyler House at the Blackacre Nature Preserve and Historic Homestead. The property includes two vernacular frame barns, a root cellar, a corn crib converted to an office and garage, and a modern garage.</p><br>
<p>All Saints Church in Castle Cary in the English county of Somerset dates from 1470 and is notable for its high steeple. It is a Grade II* listed building.</p><br>
<p>The parish is within the benefice of Castle Cary with Ansford which is part of the archdeaconry of Wells.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The church has Saxon origins, however none of the fabric from the wooden building survive. The current Perpendicular Gothic building was constructed around 1470.</p><br>
<p>During the English Civil War the church was damaged and the organ destroyed.</p><br>
<p>The life of the local church was described by James Woodforde in his The Diary of a Country Parson. He was born in Ansford where his father was the vicar. A display about his life and writings is available in the Castle Cary and District Museum.</p><br>
<p>It was restored by Benjamin Ferrey in the 1880s. This work increased the number of "free" or unreserved seats, by increasing the length of the nave. He also raised the height of the tower.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The building is made of local stone with dressings from Doulting Stone Quarry. It has a slate roof with battlemented parapets.</p><br>
<p>The three stage tower contains six bells dating from 1760 and made by Thomas Bilbie of the Bilbie family.</p><br>
<h2>Interior</h2><br>
<p>The church contains a font and wooden pulpit which both date from the 15th century.</p><br>
<h2>Churchyard</h2><br>
<p>The Cosenes monument in the churchyard, which dates from the 16th century, is on the Heritage at Risk register.</p><br>
<p>The Lake Bluff Uptown Commercial Historic District is the historic downtown district of Lake Bluff, Illinois, United States. There are fourteen properties in the district; of these, six buildings, one site, and one object contribute to its historic fabric as contributing properties.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Lake Bluff, Illinois was first settled in 1836. In the mid-1870s, the Lake Bluff Camp Meeting Association, a Methodist Episcopal camp, was founded on 200 acre. Most structures at that point were of contemporary architectural styles, but were mostly one-story wood frame buildings. In the late 1890ss, the Camp Meeting Association closed and its lands were immediately considered as a commercial district due to its proximity to the Chicago and North Western Railway tracks. The lands were platted in 1896.</p><br>
<p>James Hobbs, the former president of Camp Meeting Association and president of the Chicago Board of Trade, oversaw Lake Bluff&#39;s early development. The oldest building in the district is the Village Market, completed around 1900. It replaced a large, wood-framed building that was destroyed in a fire. Charles Helming ran the store from 1902 to 1947. Frost & Granger designed the Lake Bluff Train Station in 1904 to service the Chicago and North Western. The railway donated funds to construct a new city hall later that year. It was designed by Webster Tomlinson, a member of "The Eighteen" Prairie School architects. In 1911, several buildings were moved to create a village green. In 1917, the green was used as a rally for troops serving in World War I. This inspired the creation of a War Memorial in the green dedicated to the soldiers. Lake Bluff used funds left over from an ambulance fundraiser to construct the memorial in 1917. Tablets were later added for World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War. The John Griffith Store Building was built for the namesake real estate developer in 1925. It neighbors a post office building. The Sankey Building was erected in 1926 on the corner of East Center and Scranton Avenues.</p><br>
<p>The district was recognized by the National Park Service with a listing on the National Register of Historic Places on November 15, 2006. The Griffith Store had previously been individually recognized on February 5, 2003.</p><br>
<p>Pothia or Pothaia or Kalymnos Town  is the capital of Kalymnos and the major settlement of the island. It is located in the south of Kalymnos in the edge of a bay. It is very close to Chorio or Chora, the old capital of Kalymnos. Pothia is the main port and includes the main public services of the island. Its population is 12,324 inhabitants according to 2011 census.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Pothia was built in 1850 when the pirates&#39; raids decreased allowing the inhabitants to move near the sea. Its population increased rapidly. During the Italian rule many Venetian type houses were built.</p><br>
<h2>Places of interest</h2><br>
<p>Near Chora there is the Pera Castle or Castle of Chrisocheria. Built by Knights Hospitaller, it is one of the most famous sights of the island. Pothia has got two museums. The first is the Archaeological Museum of Kalymnos with collections from archaeological sites of the island and the second is the naval museum related with the sponge fishing and the naval tradition of the island. Other places of interest in the island are the Cathedral of the Transfiguration of Jesus Christ. The temple, built in the 19th century, has got magnificent marble sculpture by the notable Greek sculptor Giannoulis Chalepas.</p><br>
<p>The Campbell–DeYoung Farm is a farmstead located at 9510 East Cherry Bend Road in Elmwood Charter Township, Michigan. It is currently operated as a recreational area by the Leelanau Conservancy, and known as the DeYoung Natural Area. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Henry Campbell purchased an 80-acre parcel of land on this location in 1855. Campbell constructed the Victorian house about 1860. In 1885, Campbell purchased additional property bordering Cedar Lake. In 1904, he sold the property to his son Julius. The Campbells constructed most of the other buildings on the property before selling to Dr. Marc Kroupa and his wife Myrtle in 1919. The Kroupa&#39;s daughter, Iris Lucille, married Louis DeYoung in the early 1920s; in 1925 Louis and Iris purchased the farm.</p><br>
<p>However, Louis and Iris soon divorced and Louis married Esther LaVerne ("Verney") Stolcenberg in 1929.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The 1860 farmhouse is a two-story Upright and Wing style Victorian frame house on a fieldstone foundation and clad with clapboards. It may have been originally constructed as a single-room house, with the upright portion added at a later date. A second story was added to the top of the original wing at some point early in the 20th century; a porch fronting the wing was added at the same time. The exterior of the house looks substantially the same as it did at that time.</p><br>
<p>The carriage house/garage was constructed in about 1880. It is a simple two-story, wood framed structure with a large, open first floor and a loft area on the second, connected with an internal stair. The exterior is covered with vertical board and batten siding and the roof is shingled.</p><br>
<p>The hay barn, located across the road from the main complex, was constructed in 1884. It is a timber-framed English barn on a dressed stone foundation with a silo at one corner. The front has double wood sliding doors in the center. The interior space was used for hay storage, with an additional area for cows.</p><br>
<p>The upper barn, set back from the road and the main complex of buildings, was constructed in 1886. It is a timber frame construction on a fieldstone foundation and gable roof. A series of ornamental lightning rods line the ridge of the roof; there was originally a cupola at the top, which was removed in 1935. The basement level contains stalls for animals, while the main level was used for equipment and hay storage. Partitions are installed in the loft, likely used for migrant quarters.</p><br>
<p>The powerhouse/workshop was constructed in about 1900 to house a waterwheel to power the farmstead. It is an L-Shaped, wood framed, utility building on a stone foundation and clad in vertical siding. Inside is an overshot metal wheel within a stone and cement chamber beneath the building, which at one time was fed through a series of hand-dug troughs from a nearby stream. In about 1930 the building was converted to a workshop.</p><br>
<p>The farm has several other outbuildings. These include:</p><br>
<p>A c. 1880 single-story gabled granary.</p><br>
<p>A c. 1900 vertically sided chicken coop. The chicken coop has a double-hung window and drywall and plaster on the interior, suggesting it may have been converted to house migrant workers.</p><br>
<p>A small, vertically sided outhouse built c. 1900.</p><br>
<p>A c. 1940 washroom for migrant workers. The cement block washroom was built on the stone foundation of an earlier building. There are two entrances, labelled "men" and "women," but no interior partitions or plumbing remaining.</p><br>
<p>A c. 1940 single story, one room concrete block structure used as a milkhouse. The interior concrete floor is sloped toward the center.</p><br>
<p>The cement block remains of c. 1950 structure to house migrant workers. The building has multiple separate entrances, suggesting accommodations for multiple families, but the interior walls and roof are gone.</p><br>
<p>Wallace Run is a tributary of Bald Eagle Creek in Centre County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is 12.1 mi long and is a low-alkalinity stream. The stream flows through Union Township and Boggs Township in Centre County. Most of the watershed is in Boggs Township. North Branch Wallace Run is one tributary of the stream. The watershed has an area of 24 square miles. Oaks, maples, ash trees, birches, hemlocks, and rhododendrons all exist in the upper reaches of the stream, which is mostly forested. The lower reaches of the stream are mostly developed.</p><br>
<h2>Course</h2><br>
<p>Wallace Run begins in a valley in the Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 163 in western Union Township. Wallace Run then enters Boggs Township and its valley becomes shallower. The stream passes Gum Stump and begins to parallel Pennsylvania Route 144 for several miles to its mouth, passing the community of Runville along the way. Wallace Run enters Bald Eagle Creek at the community of Wingate, a short distance upstream of Milesburg.</p><br>
<h3>Tributaries</h3><br>
<p>Wallace Run&#39;s tributary North Branch Wallace Run begins near the edge of Boggs Township, just south of Pennsylvania Route 144. It flows southwest a short distance into Union Township, where it joins the main stem.</p><br>
<h2>Hydrology</h2><br>
<p>The concentration of alkalinity in Wallace Run near its source is 10 parts per million. Near its mouth, the concentration is 28 parts per million.</p><br>
<p>At an unnamed tributary of Wallace Run downstream of Gum Stump, the pH was measured in 2008 to be 7.9 and 8.0 and the conductivity was 387 and 390 micro-siemens. In August 2008, the water temperature was 68 ft in the lower reaches of the creek and 63 ft two miles (three kilometers) upstream.</p><br>
<p>In 2009, before a storm, the size of particles in Wallace Run was measured. 10% had a diameter of less than one millimeter, about one third had a diameter of less than one centimeter, and over 90% had a diameter of less than ten centimeters. After a storm, a very small percentage of particles had a diameter of less than one millimeter. Slightly under 10% of the particles had a diameter of less than one centimeter. 80% to 90% of the particles had a diameter of less than ten centimeters.</p><br>
<p>The Manning formula values on Wallace Run were 0.039 on July 31 and August 1, 2009 and 0.046 on October 24, 2009.</p><br>
<h2>Geology and geography</h2><br>
<p>Wallace Run is a coldwater freestone stream. In the upper eight miles, the main rock types are sandstone, red and brown shale, gray conglomerate. The elevation of the creek at its headwaters is 2,240 ft. For the first 6.1 mi, the stream&#39;s elevation decreases at a rate of 184 ft per mile. After 6.1 mi, the elevation is 1,112 ft. For the next 2.1 mi, the elevation falls at a rate of 73 ft per mile. After 8.2 mi, the elevation is 958 ft. From this point to the mouth, the elevation decreases at a rate of 58 ft per mile. The mouth is at an elevation of 726 ft. The elevation of the entire Wallace Run watershed ranges from 211 m to 758 m.</p><br>
<p>Ice caves and other ice formations have been observed to form on Wallace Run in the wintertime.</p><br>
<p>Wallace Run has experienced damaging floods in the past. Past attempts to remedy this mainly focused on straightening the stream and lining it with rocks, increasing the velocity of the water. Landowners, as well as the area&#39;s governments, have attempted to add riprap and levees to the stream to improve its quality. Although initially these attempts were unsuccessful, the stream quality has improved.</p><br>
<p>3.2 km upstream of Wallace Run&#39;s mouth, the stream is 12 m in bankfull width and 0.55 m in bankfull depth. The actual depth, as measured in 2009, was 0.37 m. The discharge of the stream was measured to be 5.3 cubic meters per second on July 31 and August 1, 2009 and 4.5 cubic meters per second on October 24, 2009. The velocity of the stream on these dates was 1.28 meters per second and 1.09 meters per second, respectively.</p><br>
<p>The Bear Rocks are a geological formation located on a hill northeast of Wallace Run. They are square blocks of sandstone that are "nearly as big as houses". The Wallace Run valley is 900 ft high in the upper reaches of the stream.</p><br>
<h2>Watershed</h2><br>
<p>The area of the Wallace Run watershed is 24 square miles. The upper part of the watershed is mostly forested with some cabins, while the lower part is mostly suburban, with some agricultural land. The watershed is mostly located within Boggs Township.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the 1800s, there was a sabbath school on Wallace Run. A narrow-gauge railroad once went through the creek&#39;s valley, but only traces of the grade remain in the 21st century. The Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission has done measurements of the fish and macroinvertebrate populations in Wallace Run since the 1930s. In the 1930s, the Civilian Conservation Corps constructed a fire road on Ganderstep Knob and stairs leading from it down to the stream, where there was a swimming hole. The swimming hole no longer exists, as of January 2008. Three gas wells are located in the watershed, but only one is unplugged. A 1,000 ft stretch of the stream was restored by the Wildlife for Everyone Foundation in 2010.</p><br>
<h2>Biology</h2><br>
<p>Near the headwaters, the main plants forming the canopy are hemlock and rhododendron. Further downstream, but still in the first half of its course, the main trees are ash (particularly white ash and green ash), chestnut oaks, red oaks, red maples, tulips, yellow birches, and hemlocks. There are no riparian buffers in the lower reaches of the stream; there are often lawns instead. Wallace Run is an approved trout stream (Class A Wild Trout Waters) by the Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. Both brook trout and brown trout live in the stream.</p><br>
<h2>Recreation</h2><br>
<p>Opportunities for recreation on Wallace Run include canoeing, kayaking, birdwatching, and fishing.</p><br>
<p>The Wheeler-Harrington House is a historic house located at 249 Harrington Avenue in Concord, Massachusetts.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The 2.5 story timber frame house was probably built around 1742, around the time of the marriage of Josiah and Mary Wheeler. It is the oldest known building in West Concord. It remained in Wheeler family hands until 1827, when it, along with 100 acre of farmland, was sold to Joseph Harrington, Jr., of Lexington. For thirty years (1877 to 1907) the farm was operated and maintained by his daughter, Lucy Harrington. In the 20th century, the farmstead was for fifty years in the hands of a single family, the LeBallisters, who operated a horse farm on land that had been reduced by subdivision. In 1974, the town acquired the house and 15 acre of farmland, extending from Harrington Road to the Assabet River. The house was restored by volunteers, and has since been rented by the town to tenant farmers.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on July 23, 2013.</p><br>
<p>Chelvey Court in the village of Chelvey near Brockley in the English county of Somerset was a large manor house built between 1618 and 1660 for Edward and John Tynte. It is a Grade II* listed building.</p><br>
<h2>Establishment</h2><br>
<p>Edward Tynte, who was part of an important family in surrounding parishes and gave their name to Tyntesfield, bought the Lordship of the manor of Chelvey from John Aisshe. Edward Tynte improved the St Bridgets Church, next to the manor house, which contains the Tynte chapel. His son John reconstructed the manor house with his wife Jane Halswell, of Halswell House. Their son Sir Halswell Tynte, 1st Baronet inherited both estates and developed Halswell House, leaving Chelvey Court to fall into decline.</p><br>
<h2>Alterations</h2><br>
<p>Significant alterations were undertaken in 1805 which included demolition of the south part of the house and addition of buttresses.</p><br>
<p>The three storey house has been divided into two separate dwellings with a further two houses on the site which were adapted from buildings previously used for agricultural purposes.</p><br>
<p>South east of the house is a large 15th century barn, which was extended in the 19th century. This is now used by a company restoring bedsteads.</p><br>
<p>Saint Josephs Roman Catholic College for Boys, also known as Saint Josephs High School, is a historic school building at 760 Merrimack Street in Lowell, Massachusetts. The three story brick Romanesque Revival building was built in 1892 to a design by Irish-American church architect Patrick W. Ford. The school was one of a number of Roman Catholic institutions built to serve Lowell&#39;s burgeoning French-American community, a significant portion of which had settled in "The Acre", as the neighborhood is known. In 1991 the school was merged with other local Catholic schools to form the Lowell Catholic High School. The diocese sold the building in 1997 to a local nonprofit, which converted it to residential use.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.</p><br>
